(BQ) Part 2 book “Inflammation fundamental mechanisms” has contents: Leukocyte adhesion, neutrophil extracellular traps, sepsis, granulomatous inflammation, immune-related, idiopathic granulomatous inflammation. | 9x6 b3151 Inflammation: Fundamental Mechanisms Chapter 5 Leukocyte Adhesion Klaus Ley*,† and Zhichao Fan* Leukocyte adhesion is central to all forms of inflammation, because all leukocytes need to adhere to the vascular endothelium and transmigrate to get access to the site of –4 The leukocyte adhesion cascade describes leukocyte recruitment through postcapillary venules. It consists of margination, rolling, arrest, spreading, intraluminal crawling, transendothelial migration, and migration into the tissue. This sequence of events is common for adhesion for many types of leukocytes in many organs and tissues. However, it is not universal: some leukocytes stop without rolling, and in some organs, capillaries rather than venules are the site of leukocyte adhesion. Leukocyte adhesion also occurs in lymphatics, to thrombi by adhesion to fibrin and platelets, to extracellular matrix proteins, and to epithelial cells. This chapter will cover most of the molecular mechanisms and biomechanical constraints of all these forms of leukocyte adhesion except those relevant to atherosclerosis. Chemokines are important regulators of leukocyte adhesion through integrins. * La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology. † Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego. 171 171 06-Mar-18 7:40:05 AM b3151 Inflammation: Fundamental Mechanisms 9x6 172 K. Ley & Z. Fan 1. Leukocyte adhesion molecules . Integrins Integrins are activatable heterodimeric transmembrane –7 Most integrins have almost no affinity for their ligands unless activated by inside–out signaling. In leukocytes, the most important integrin activators are chemokines and other chemoattractants like C5a, formyl peptides, and leukotrienes. All these receptors are coupled by heterotrimeric G-proteins and are therefore called GPCRs. All leukocytes (used here as a term encompassing all white blood cells) express one or more members of the b2 .
