Chapter 9 - Experiments. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Uses for experimentation, advantages and disadvantages of the experimental method, seven steps of a well-planned experiment, internal and external validity with experimental research designs, three types of experimental designs and the variations of each,. | Experiments Chapter 9 1 Learning Objectives Understand . . . Uses for experimentation. Advantages and disadvantages of the experimental method. Seven steps of a well-planned experiment. Internal and external validity with experimental research designs. Three types of experimental designs and the variations of each. 2 Pull Quote “This is a time of [e-book app] experimentation. I’d be really disappointed if we weren’t seeing both successes and failures. I do think that everyone seems to be looking at these differently.” Barbara Marcus, consultant and adviser, Open Road Integrated Media 3 Causal Evidence Agreement between IVs and DVs Time order of occurrence Extraneous variables did not influence DVs 4 Causal Evidence? 5 Evaluation of Experiments Advantages Ability to manipulate IV Use of control group Control of extraneous variables Replication possible Field experiments possible Disadvantages Artificiality of labs Non-representative sample Expense Focus on present and immediate future | Experiments Chapter 9 1 Learning Objectives Understand . . . Uses for experimentation. Advantages and disadvantages of the experimental method. Seven steps of a well-planned experiment. Internal and external validity with experimental research designs. Three types of experimental designs and the variations of each. 2 Pull Quote “This is a time of [e-book app] experimentation. I’d be really disappointed if we weren’t seeing both successes and failures. I do think that everyone seems to be looking at these differently.” Barbara Marcus, consultant and adviser, Open Road Integrated Media 3 Causal Evidence Agreement between IVs and DVs Time order of occurrence Extraneous variables did not influence DVs 4 Causal Evidence? 5 Evaluation of Experiments Advantages Ability to manipulate IV Use of control group Control of extraneous variables Replication possible Field experiments possible Disadvantages Artificiality of labs Non-representative sample Expense Focus on present and immediate future Ethical limitations 6 Experimentation in the Research Process 7 Conducting an Experiment Specify treatment levels Control environment Choose experimental design Select and assign participants Pilot-test, revise, and test Collect data Analyze data Specify treatment variables 8 Experiment: Placement of Benefits Module 9 Selecting and Assigning Participants Random assignment Matching 10 Random Assignment Equal and known chance of being assigned to any group in the experiment 11 Quota Matrix Example 12 Measurement Options Scaling techniques Physiological measures Options Paper-and-pencil tests Observation Self-administered instruments 13 Validity in Experimentation External Internal 14 Threats to Internal Validity Threats Maturation History Testing Instrumentation Selection Statistical regression Experimental mortality 15 Additional Threats to Internal Validity Diffusion of treatment Compensatory equalization Compensatory rivalry Resentful disadvantaged Local history 16 Threats to External
