Chapter 40 - An introduction to animal structure and function. This chapter distinguish among the following sets of terms: collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers; regulator and conformer; positive and negative feedback; basal and standard metabolic rates; torpor, hibernation, estivation, and daily torpor. | CHAPTER 40 AN INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A1: Functional Anatomy: An Overview 1. Animal form and function reflect biology’s major themes 2. Function correlates with structure in the tissues of animals The study of animal form and function is integrated by the common set of problems that all animals must solve. These include how to extract oxygen from the environment, how to nourish themselves, how to excrete waste products, and how to move. Animals of diverse evolutionary histories and varying complexities must solve these general challenges of life. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Animals provide vivid examples of biology’s overarching theme of evolution. The adaptations observed in a comparative study of animals evolved by natural selection. For example, the long, tonguelike proboscis of a hawkmoth is a structural adaptation for feeding. Recoiled when not in use, the proboscis extends as a straw through which the moth can suck nectar from deep within tube-shaped flowers. 1. Animal form and function reflects biology’s major themes Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. While natural selection provides a mechanism for long-term adaptation, organisms also have the capacity to adjust to environmental change over the short term by physiological responses. For example, while most insects are inactive when cold, the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, can forage for nectar when air temperatures are as low as 5oC. The moth uses a shivering-like mechanism for preflight warm up of its flight muscles. Once in flight, the waste heat of metabolic activity in the flight muscles and other adaptations maintain a muscle temperature of 30oC, even when the external environment is close to freezing. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Searching for food, . | CHAPTER 40 AN INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A1: Functional Anatomy: An Overview 1. Animal form and function reflect biology’s major themes 2. Function correlates with structure in the tissues of animals The study of animal form and function is integrated by the common set of problems that all animals must solve. These include how to extract oxygen from the environment, how to nourish themselves, how to excrete waste products, and how to move. Animals of diverse evolutionary histories and varying complexities must solve these general challenges of life. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Animals provide vivid examples of biology’s overarching theme of evolution. The adaptations observed in a comparative study of animals evolved by natural selection. For example, the long, tonguelike proboscis of a hawkmoth is a structural adaptation for .
