This chapter provides a general analytical framework (perspective) for viewing an organization. This chapter presents the following content: General theoretical distinctions, misunderstandings, strengths of systems theory, systems framework, general systems theory principles, system characteristics, contingency theory, the learning organization. | Chapter 4: SYSTEMS THEORY Provides a general analytical framework (perspective) for viewing an organization. Systems Theory Synergy Interdependence Interconnections within the organization between the organization and the environment Organization as ORGANISM “A set of elements standing in inter-relations” Overview General Theoretical Distinctions Misunderstandings Strengths of Systems Theory Systems Framework General Systems Theory Principles System Characteristics Contingency Theory The Learning Organization General Theoretical Distinctions Classical and humanistic theories prescribe organizational behavior, organizational structure or managerial practice (prediction and control). MACHINE Systems theory provides an analytical framework for viewing an organization in general (description and explanation). ORGANISM Misunderstandings Doesn’t focus on specific task functions Doesn’t directly explore the impact of interpersonal relationships and loyalty on productivity Doesn’t provide for | Chapter 4: SYSTEMS THEORY Provides a general analytical framework (perspective) for viewing an organization. Systems Theory Synergy Interdependence Interconnections within the organization between the organization and the environment Organization as ORGANISM “A set of elements standing in inter-relations” Overview General Theoretical Distinctions Misunderstandings Strengths of Systems Theory Systems Framework General Systems Theory Principles System Characteristics Contingency Theory The Learning Organization General Theoretical Distinctions Classical and humanistic theories prescribe organizational behavior, organizational structure or managerial practice (prediction and control). MACHINE Systems theory provides an analytical framework for viewing an organization in general (description and explanation). ORGANISM Misunderstandings Doesn’t focus on specific task functions Doesn’t directly explore the impact of interpersonal relationships and loyalty on productivity Doesn’t provide for detailed focus Changes in environment directly affect the structure and function of the organization. Strengths Recognizes . . . interdependence of personnel impact of environment on organizational structure and function affect of outside stakeholders on the organization Focuses on environment and how changes can impact the organization Seeks to explain “synergy” & “interdependence” Broadens the theoretical lens for viewing organizational behavior. Systems Framework Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968) Offered a more comprehensive view of organizations NOT a theory of management - new way of conceptualizing and studying organizations Four Strengths (“promises”) M. Scott Poole Designed to deal with complexity Attempts to do so with precision Takes a holistic view It is a theory of emergents - actions and outcomes at the collective level emerge from the actions and interactions of the individuals that make up the collective Principles of General Systems Theory Laws that govern biological open
