The chapter describe the contributions of the following people: Griffith; Avery, McCary, and MacLeod; Hershey and Chase; Chargaff; Watson and Crick; Franklin; Meselson and Stahl; describe the structure of DNA; describe the process of DNA replication; include the following terms: antiparallel structure, DNA polymerase, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase, primer, primase, helicase, topoisomerase, single-strand binding proteins. | The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter 16 Overview: Life’s Operating Instructions In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA DNA, the substance of inheritance, is the most celebrated molecule of our time Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body This DNA program directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and (to some extent) behavioral traits © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Figure How was the structure of DNA determined? Concept : DNA is the genetic material Early in the 20th century, the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry When T. H. Morgan’s group showed that genes are located on chromosomes, the two components of chromosomes—DNA and protein—became candidates for the . | The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter 16 Overview: Life’s Operating Instructions In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA DNA, the substance of inheritance, is the most celebrated molecule of our time Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body This DNA program directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and (to some extent) behavioral traits © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Figure How was the structure of DNA determined? Concept : DNA is the genetic material Early in the 20th century, the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry When T. H. Morgan’s group showed that genes are located on chromosomes, the two components of chromosomes—DNA and protein—became candidates for the genetic material The key factor in determining the genetic material was choosing appropriate experimental organisms The role of DNA in heredity was first discovered by studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Evidence That DNA Can Transform Bacteria The discovery of the genetic role of DNA began with research by Frederick Griffith in 1928 Griffith worked with two strains of a bacterium, one pathogenic and one harmless © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. When he mixed heat-killed remains of the pathogenic strain with living cells of the harmless strain, some living cells became pathogenic He called this phenomenon transformation, now defined as a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Living S cells (control) Living R cells (control) Heat-killed S cells (control) Mixture of heat-killed S cells and living R cells Mouse dies Mouse dies Mouse healthy Mouse healthy Living S cells EXPERIMENT RESULTS
