Lecture Campbell biology: Concepts and connections (Seventh edition) - Chapter 3: The molecules of cells. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Introduction to organic compounds, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. | Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells 0 Introduction Most of the world’s population cannot digest milk-based foods. These people are lactose intolerant, because they lack the enzyme lactase. This illustrates the importance of biological molecules, such as lactase, in the daily functions of living organisms. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Chapter 3: Big Ideas Introduction to Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Figure Chapter 3: Big Ideas INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other carbons and atoms of other elements. Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon By sharing electrons, carbon can bond to four other atoms and branch in up to four directions. Methane . | Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells 0 Introduction Most of the world’s population cannot digest milk-based foods. These people are lactose intolerant, because they lack the enzyme lactase. This illustrates the importance of biological molecules, such as lactase, in the daily functions of living organisms. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Chapter 3: Big Ideas Introduction to Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Figure Chapter 3: Big Ideas INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other carbons and atoms of other elements. Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon By sharing electrons, carbon can bond to four other atoms and branch in up to four directions. Methane (CH4) is one of the simplest organic compounds. Four covalent bonds link four hydrogen atoms to the carbon atom. Each of the four lines in the formula for methane represents a pair of shared electrons. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Methane and other compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Carbon, with attached hydrogens, can bond together in chains of various lengths. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Structural formula Ball-and-stick model Space-filling model The four single bonds of carbon point to the corners of a tetrahedron. Figure Three representations of methane (CH4) A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms that can be branched or unbranched. Compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements are call isomers. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Length.
