Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is very low in alkaline calcareous soils however, it can be improved by using suitable application methods along with farm manure (FM). The present field study was conducted to optimize phosphorus (P) levels and application methods in order to maximize wheat yield, PUE, and net returns on calcareous soils with and without FM application. | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Research Article Turk J Agric For (2016) 40: 319-326 © TÜBİTAK doi: Band-application of phosphorus with farm manure improves phosphorus use efficiency, productivity, and net returns of wheat on sandy clay loam soil 1 2 3 4 Abdur REHIM , Mubshar HUSSAIN , Sajjad HUSSAIN , Sibgha NOREEN , 5 6 2, Hülya DOĞAN , Muhammad ZIA-UL-HAQ , Shakeel AHMAD * 1 Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 2 Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 3 Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 4 Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 5 Department of Seed Science, Vocational School, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey 6 The Patent Office, Karachi, Pakistan Received: Accepted/Published Online: Final Version: Abstract: Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is very low in alkaline calcareous soils; however, it can be improved by using suitable application methods along with farm manure (FM). The present field study was conducted to optimize phosphorus (P) levels and application methods in order to maximize wheat yield, PUE, and net returns on calcareous soils with and without FM application. Five P soil solution levels, . , , , , and mg P L–1, were maintained according to the Freundlich model through the application of 0, 36, 61, 104, and 142 kg P2O5 ha–1, respectively. The calculated P (0, 36, 61, 104, and 142 kg P2O5 ha–1) was applied by broadcasting, band-placement, and top-dressing, with or without 300 kg ha–1 well-rotted FM. The results revealed that the bandplacement technique at 104 kg P2O5 ha–1 improved PUE and wheat output with and without FM application. Furthermore, wheat grain and straw P uptake was high at 142 kg P2O5 ha–1. In addition, protein content and Olsen P were
