Hepatitis C virus: Genome organization, viral proteins and implications in disease pathogenesis

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection with HCV becomes chronic in more than 80% of cases and it accounts for 20% of all cases of acute hepatitis. The hepatitis C virus was first identified by the molecular cloning of the virus genome in 1989. | Turk J Biol 24 (2000) 253–269 © TÜBİTAK Review Article Hepatitis C Virus: Genome Organization, Viral Proteins and Implications in Disease Pathogenesis Çağla EROĞLU, Ergün PINARBAŞI Bilkent University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics 06533 Bilkent, Ankara-TURKEY Received: Abstract: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection with HCV becomes chronic in more than 80% of cases and it accounts for 20% of all cases of acute hepatitis. The hepatitis C virus was first identified by the molecular cloning of the virus genome in 1989. It is an enveloped, positive strand RNA virus with a genome size of around kilobases. The single-stranded RNA genome of the virus contains a large open reading frame that encodes a large polyprotein of 3,010 to 3,033 amino acids shown to be processed by a combination of host and viral proteinases to produce at least ten proteins post-translationally. The proteins that are closer to the amino terminal of the polyprotein are termed structural and the rest, closer to the carboxy terminal, are called nonstructural (NS) proteins. Hepatit C Virusu: Genom Organizasyonu, Viral Proteinler ve Hastalık Patogenezindeki Yeri Özet: Hepatit C virüsünün (HCV) yol açtığı infeksiyon tüm dünyada önemli bir hastalık ve ölüm nedenidir. Vakaların yüzde 80’ninden çoğunda HCV infeksiyonu kronikleşir ve bu tüm akut hepatit vakalarının yüzde 20’sini oluşturur. Hepatit C virüsü ilk olarak 1989 yılında moleküler klonlama yöntemi ile tanımlandı. Bu zarflı, pozitif iplikli, RNA virüsü kilobazlık bir genoma sahiptir. Virüsün tek iplikli RNA genomu ila 3033 amino asitlik büyük bir poli-protein kodlayan geniş bir açık okuma çerçevesi içerir. Bu poli-protein, sentezlendikten sonra, hücresel ve viral proteinazlar tarafından en azından on ayrı proteine bölünür. Poli-proteinin amino ucuna yakın olan proteinler yapısal ve diğer, karboksil ucuna yakın olan proteinler ise .

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