(BQ) Part 2 book “Concise oral medicine” has contents: Temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint disorders, oral cancer and precancerous lesions, immunological diseases, forensic odontology, orofacial syndromes, differential diagnosis of miscellaneous diseases, and other contents. | 10 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders The temporomandibular joint also known as craniomandibular joint, is described as bilateral gingylimo-arthroidal diarthrosis, ginglymo because these joints show ‘hinge’ type of movement, bilateral because it is present on both sides and diarthrosis because each joint is divided into two components and is a freely movable joint. Parafunction: It is defined as a non-functional oral habit, that is bringing together of the jaws for reasons other than mastication, deglution and speech. Also habits such as chewing gum, nail biting, pencil chewing, etc. can cause parafunction. Parafunction often results in MPDS. Intracapsular Disorders • • • • • • Local Factors • Pericoronitis • Defect in tooth form and occlusion • • • Systemic • Epilepsy • Paralysis • Dyskinesia • Psychological Insoluble personal problems (bruxism): Bruxism and clenching may be stress relieving habits, and are associated with severe attrition, occlusal wear facets, prominent linea alba on the cheeks, indentations on the tongue, hypertrophy of masseter muscle, pain observed on waking up in the morning. Occupational: Weight lifter, people performing precision work, drivers, tend to clench their jaws more often than others. • • Congenital Agenesis—unilateral, bilateral Double condyle Hyperplasia of condyle Condylar hypoplasia Infections – Osteomyelitis – Septic arthritis Rheumatoid—flattened condyle Osteoarthritis—osteophytes Traumatic—trauma to meniscus, fractured condylar head Functional—subluxation, dislocation and internal disk derangements of the disk Neoplastic—osteoma, osteochondroma Ankylosis Extracapsular Disorders • MPDS • Iatrogenic disorders—prolonged dental procedures, trauma during mandibular block • Infections—osteomyelitis, periostitis • Neoplasia—tumors of the condyle and the ramus. 163 164 Concise Oral Medicine ARTHRITIS Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease affecting periarticular tissue and secondarily bone. It starts as
