Vietnam is one of the countries most suffered by climate change, as a result, the water resources is also significantly affected. As a developing country, extreme weather events such as floods and droughts have caused considerable damage to agricultural production and hydropower. | Đặng Hoàng Hà và Đtg Tạp chí KHOA HỌC & CÔNG NGHỆ 181(05): 197 - 204 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES IN VIETNAM: ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURE AND HYDROPOWER – A REVIEW Dang Hoang Ha*, Simon Martin International School - TNU ABSTRACT Vietnam is one of the countries most suffered by climate change, as a result, the water resources is also significantly affected. As a developing country, extreme weather events such as floods and droughts have caused considerable damage to agricultural production and hydropower. Different strategies for agriculture and hydropower are analyzed to adapt to climate change. Alternative wetting and drying (AWD) is a water saving technology. It reduces the water use up to 30%. In addition, it reduces CH4 emissions up to 48%. Hydropower plants contribute about 40% to the electricity demand in Vietnam. Furthermore, the reservoirs play an important role to prevent flooding and to ensure water supply. Multi-objective deterministic and stochastic optimization was used. This method can mitigate flooding and increase the hydropower production by 7%. Building a hydropower dam is a big encroachment into the environment. Different scenarios are investigated to reduce hydrological alteration and to increase the hydropower production at the same time. One scenario was able to increase the hydropower production by 4% and decreased the hydrological alteration by 27%. Keywords: Climate change, agriculture, hydropower, alternative wetting and drying (AWD), water reservoir INTRODUCTION* Climate change is one of the most serious challenges in the 21st century. Due to human induced emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) the global average temperature increased by °C over the period 1880 to 2012[16]. The total emissions in 2010 were 151 million tons of GHG in CO2 equivalent in Vietnam, 53% of the emissions were attributable to agriculture and land use change [21]. The impact of climate change in Vietnam is clearly visible. For example, .
