After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: Describe how human needs influence motivation to work, identify how thoughts and decisions affect motivation to work, understand how reinforcement influences motivation to work. | Chapter 13 Motivation Exploring Management Chapter 13 How do human needs influence motivation to work? How do thought processes and decisions affect motivation to work? How does reinforcement influence motivation to work? 2 Human Needs and Job Design Maslow described a hierarchy of needs topped by self-actualization Alderfer’s ERG theory deals with existence, relatedness and growth needs McClelland identified acquired needs for achievement, power and affiliation Herzberg’s two-factor theory focuses on higher-order need satisfaction The core characteristics model integrates motivation and job design 3 HUMAN NEEDS Maslow’s Hierarchy Motivation – level, direction and persistence of effort expended at work Maslow’s hierarchy Needs Unfulfilled desires that stimulate people to act Lower order needs Physiological, safety and social needs Higher order needs Esteem and self-actualization Maslow’s hierarchy of needs seems to indicate that higher level needs cannot be satisfied until lower needs are satisfied. This may be true. However, it is very likely that people move up and down Maslow’s scale during their life. Just because you are safe today, does not mean that you will be safe tomorrow. Many who lost their jobs in the recent economic crises discovered this the hard way. 4 HUMAN NEEDS Maslow’s Hierarchy Employers have many options to motivate employees at every level. The trick is to understand the individuals well enough to know how they are motivated. 5 HUMAN NEEDS Alderfer’s ERG Theory Alderfer’s ERG Theory Alderfer’s ERG theory can be thought of as a short form version of Maslow’s hierarchy. Alderfer claimed that these needs exist, in various degrees, simultaneously. 6 HUMAN NEEDS McClelland’s Acquired Needs Three acquired needs that vary in strength among people Although not exactly the same, McClelland’s acquired needs are similar to Alderfer’s ERG theory needs. 7 HUMAN NEEDS McClelland’s Acquired Needs Two forms of need for power Need for personal power Need | Chapter 13 Motivation Exploring Management Chapter 13 How do human needs influence motivation to work? How do thought processes and decisions affect motivation to work? How does reinforcement influence motivation to work? 2 Human Needs and Job Design Maslow described a hierarchy of needs topped by self-actualization Alderfer’s ERG theory deals with existence, relatedness and growth needs McClelland identified acquired needs for achievement, power and affiliation Herzberg’s two-factor theory focuses on higher-order need satisfaction The core characteristics model integrates motivation and job design 3 HUMAN NEEDS Maslow’s Hierarchy Motivation – level, direction and persistence of effort expended at work Maslow’s hierarchy Needs Unfulfilled desires that stimulate people to act Lower order needs Physiological, safety and social needs Higher order needs Esteem and self-actualization Maslow’s hierarchy of needs seems to indicate that higher level needs cannot be satisfied until lower
