A betavoltaic battery was prepared using radioactive 63Ni attached to a three-dimensional single trenched PeN absorber. The optimum thickness of a 63Ni layer was determined to be approximately 2 mm, considering the minimum self-shielding effect of beta particles. Electroplating of radioactive 63Ni on a nickel (Ni) foil was carried out at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 . | Study of a betavoltaic battery using electroplated nickel 63 on nickel foil as a power source