Systems and processes manufacturing automotive body: Part 2 present: discusses the automotive painting processes and its different steps; starting from the conditioning and cleaning, then the conversion and E-coating, followed by the spray-based painting processes. The final assembly area and the different processing applied. The mechanical joining and fastening practices are given in detail, explaining the different strategies that automotive OEMs use to ensure the right tension loads are achieved in their mechanical joints. The automotive manufacturing ecological aspects, from the materials used and their utilization in addition to the energy expended in the manufacturing process. Use to plan the factory layout from the process-based, the product-based, and the cell-based layouts. The operational and strategic management aspects of automotive manufacturing.