Lỗi INTEGRATION_TO_GLOBAL_VALUE_CHAIN_CASE_O | Lỗi INTEGRATION_TO_GLOBAL_VALUE_CHAIN_CASE_O INTEGRATION TO GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN: CASE OF VIETNAMESE RICE (Hội nhập vào Chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu: trường hợp lúa gạo Việt Nam). Ho Cao Viet1 1. INTRODUCTION Global value chains (GVCs) have become a dominant feature of today’s global economy. This growing process of international fragmentation of production, driven by technological progress, cost, access to resources and markets and trade policy reforms has challenged our conventional wisdom on how we look at and interpret trade and, in particular, the policies that we develop around it. Indeed, traditional measures of trade that record gross flows of goods and services each and every time they cross borders, alone, may lead to misguided decisions being taken (Nadim Ahmad, 2013). The world production of rice is 605 million tonnes of paddy per year, equal to 403 tonnes of milled rice. Half of this is grown in China (30%) and India (21%). Only million ton is traded internationally. Four traditional main exporters are Thailand, Vietnam, India and Pakistan. Only four traditional main countries are responsible for three-quarters of the trade: Thailand is the biggest exporter at 38%, Vietnam is second at 15%, then the United States 12% and India 10% (Ir. Corné Van Doores, 2005). Most rice is imported within Asia or to Africa. The Middle East is the leading importer region, accounting for 35 percent of the total. European Union (EU) only needs to import flavoured rice and its purchases are increasing by 15% a year. 90% of the imported rice is brown or husked rice which is milled within the EU by large milling companies. 17% of the European rice is imported from India and Thailand (Ir. Corné Van Doores, 2005). The USDA estimates Vietnam to produce million tons of paddy rice (around million tons, basis milled) in 2014-15. It estimates Vietnam to export about million tons of rice in 2015, up about 6% compared 2014. The
