This review was carried out to provide information regarding cervical cancer incidence and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection worldwide as well as in Vietnam. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in less developed regions of the globe. An estimation of 445 000 new cases occurred in women from low - and middle-income countries in 2012, comprising 84% of all new cases of cervical cancer worldwide that year. In 2012, approximately 270 000 women died from cervical cancer; more than 85% of these deaths occurred in low - and middle - income countries. There are more than 100 types of HPV, of which at least 13 are cancer-causing. Cervical cancer is caused by sexually acquired infections from certain types of HPV. Two types of HPV (strains 16 and 18) cause 70% of all cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions.
