The main goal of 3D modeling studies in the mining sector is to address the complex geological, mineralogical, and structural factors in subsurface environments and detect the ore zone(s). In order to solve this complexity, use of quality data (., a wide range of boreholes at regular intervals) is necessary. However, this situation is not always possible because of certain restrictions such as intensive vegetation, high slope areas, and some economic constraints. | Three-dimensional subsurface modeling of mineralization: A case study from the Handeresi (Çanakkale, NW Turkey) Pb-Zn-Cu deposit