Employing a sample of Vietnamese banks covering the period 2005 to 2015, this study investigates the influence of bank ownership and financial liberalisation measures on banking efficiency and contributes to the literature in two important respects. First, this paper broadens our understanding of the liberalisation process in the banking sector of a developing transition economy. Second, it sheds light on the long-term and dynamic impact of partial liberalisation measures on the efficiency of its banking system and implications for the country’s economic growth and development. | Impact of bank ownership and financial liberalisation on banking efficiency: The case of Vietnam