Medicinal plants are abundant in Myanmar. Most of people use the traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases. The study of Traditional Medicinal plants and their therapeutics play a very important role in health care system of Myanmar because 70 % of its population is in the rural area and they have been using traditional medicine for centuries. Myanmar traditional practitioners use a variety of medicine mostly containing potent medicinal plants available in Myanmar, to cure various diseases depending on their own nature and localities. Calotropis gigantea R. Br., a widely growing plant, possesses number of medicinal properties. This research focused on the use of Myanmar Indigenous Medicine of the leaves of Calotropis gigantea . in Ayeyarwady Region, socio economic and environmental impact, and the investigation of some phytoconstituents and bioactivities. | Indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine and local development in Myanmar: The case of Calotropis Gigantea R. BR. in Ayeyarwady region