The differences between the clinical characteristics and survival time in malignancy- and nonmalignancy–associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are unclear. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of malignancy-associated HLH compared to that of non-malignancy–associated HLH. | Comparison between clinical features and prognosis of malignancy- and nonmalignancy–associated pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis