Much controversy exists about the optimal management of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants, especially in those born at a gestational age (GA) less than 28 weeks. No causal relationship has been proven between a (haemodynamically significant) PDA and neonatal complications related to pulmonary hyperperfusion and/or systemic hypoperfusion. | Early treatment versus expectative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: A multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial in Europe (BeNeDuctus trial)