The study was conducted in Bishnupur district of Manipur with the overall objectives of analysing the marketing cost and marketing margin, price spread, marketing efficiency of different channels, factors influencing marketing efficiency. Primary data on production, sale to different agencies, prices, marketing cost in different channels etc. were collected from 100 farmers using simple random sampling technique. The vegetables like were sold through three channels viz. (i) Channel l: Producer→ Village trader → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer (ii) Channel ll: Producer→ Retailer → Consumer (iii) Channel lll: Producer→ Consumer. The channel l was found to be more preferred channel for broad bean as about per cent was sold through this channel. Likewise, cabbage, cauliflower and pea were per cent, per cent and per cent respectively. The major reason behind popularity of this channel was that farmers could sell their produce on their doorsteps as in bulk quantity and mainly getting of credit by the village traders by farmers. Despite having higher marketing efficiency in channel lll followed by channel ll because of involvement of less middlemen. | Economics of winter vegetables marketing in Bishnupur district of manipur, India
