An attempt has been made to determine the phylogenetic relationship to trace out the evolutionary pattern of the test sequence of Xiphinema pachydermum partial 28S rRNA gene and to find out relationship of the same with other selected sequences of NCBI by constructing phylogenetic trees. Nucleotide sequence of 28S ribosomal RNA gene of Xiphinema pachydermum from Solan, Himachal Pradesh () showed maximum homology of 93% with Xiphinema inaequale isolate HP 28S large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence () from Baijnath, Himachal Pradesh. The pairwise similarity score of 38 nucleotide sequences with test sequence elucidated 90-93% sequence identity with other sequences from India. Sequences from South Africa showed 91% identity with the test sequence while sequences from Brazil, Czech Republic, Japan, China and Slovakia showed 90% similarity. USA, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Canada depicted 89% sequence homology with the Solan isolate. Multiple sequence alignment of 38 selected sequences of Xiphinema species having similarity score between 89 to 93 percent was performed using Clustal Omega and its output was used in Phylip for constructing phylograms. The test sequence, showed maximum closeness with another Indian isolate from Himachal Pradesh, (Xiphinema inaequale) at significant bootstrap values of 100 both by Neighbor Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods respectively, which are further in close proximity to cluster of sequences containing another isolate from Himachal Pradesh, (Xiphinema lambertii isolate XL 28S large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence). While close proximity to the sequences from Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Italy, however having low bootstrap value may depict that insect might have migrated from Central Europe to India or vice versa. | Phylogenetic analysis of 28S rRNA gene of indigenous xiphinema pachydermum
