Excessive intake of fluoride, mainly through drinking water is a serious health hazard affecting humans as well as livestock worldwide. According to previous researches, the South-western region of Punjab is endemic for hydrofluoroisis and the fluoride concentrations beyond the standard level results in dental and skeletal fluorosis. This paper highlights the highest fluoride concentration in drinking water of Mansa and Bathinda districts of Punjab which comes under the South-Western region of Punjab. A total of 220 water samples from 7 villages of Mansa and 3 villages of Bathinda were collected and analysed for F level. It was found that water samples from Mansa and water samples from Bathinda were having F level above permissible limit (. > ppm). The highest F level in the drinking water found in Ghele (±) and Gheri (±) village of Mansa and Bathinda district respectively. The clinical manifestations observed in the livestock were dental mottling and lameness in such areas. In village Ghele of district Mansa of the dairy animals manifest dental mottling whereas of animals showed skeletal fluorosis. Similarly, in Gheri village of district Bathinda, maximum cases of dental mottling () and lameness () was found in livestock. Besides that, the significant positive correlation of F was observed with water pH and alkalinity was observed. | Effect of drinking water having high F level on livestock health in Mansa and Bathinda districts of Punjab, India
