Phytoplasmas are intracellular obligate prokaryotes that lack cell walls and have very small genomes (680–1,600 kb). Many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases have been characterized and resistant breeding programme is progressing very well. Recently, on the basis of the symptoms and on 16SrDNA sequence identity and phylogenetic relationships the association of ‘Ca. P. asteris’ with Rice Orange Leaf phytoplasma disease in South India was confirmed. Rice orange leaf phytoplasma was characterized based on multiple gene systems. | Multiple gene characterization of rice orange leaf (ROL) phytoplasma infecting rice
