The study used a semi-structured interview method, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) tool and general linear models to investigate the influence of natural and human-derived components on the rice provisioning service at six villages. The results showed that along with the importance of applying a fertilizer-based system in the terraced rice ecosystem, topology- and hydrology-based systems have been influencing significantly on water and nutrient supply for irrigation on terraced rice fields. Moreover, analyzing the natural components has been considered more efficient than human-derived components for a sustainable rice ecosystem. | Modeling effects of abiotic and anthropogenic factors to rice production – A case study in Sapa district , Lao Cai province, Vietnam
