This chapter explain the justification for taxonomy based on a PhyloCode; explain the importance of distinguishing between homology and analogy; distinguish between the following terms: monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groups; shared ancestral and shared derived characters; orthologous and paralogous genes; define horizontal gene transfer and explain how it complicates phylogenetic trees. | Lecture Biology (7th edition) - Chapter 25: Phylogeny and systematics