This book is for anyone preparing for ielts. Although the ielts test does not include a specific grammar module, it is important to be able to recognize and use grammar appropriately. This book covers the grammar you will to be successful in the test | Present perfect present perfect simple and continuous A Context listening r You are going to hear two university students Carl and Sue talking about an assignment. Before you listen look at the list of activities A-F . Put the activities in the order which you think is best when writing an assignment. A make notes B start to write C do research D make a plan E re-read books F get a book list F itt l Listen to the first part of the conversation. Which five activities does Sue mention Write the letters A-F in the correct order in boxes 1-5 on the flowchart. 3 r i Listen to the second part of the conversation and fill in the gaps. 1 Sue of information for the assignment. 2 Sue When I was in the library last week leaflets. 3 Carl since I started this course 4 Carl I m already tired. El Look at your answers to Exercise 3 and find examples of each of the following a something that only happened recently. b something that happened at some time before now but we do not know when. c an action the length of time it has been going on. d something that happened at a stated time in the past. Which tense is used in each of the examples a-d above 18 Present perfect B Grammar We use the present perfect when we want to show a link between the present and the past. 1 Present perfect simple B have has past participle have has not past participle have has . past participle She s started the assignment. haven t started the assignment. Have you started the assignment We use the present perfect simple to talk about a time period that is not finished . today this week Pve written a rough plan this morning it is still morning Pve written a rough plan NOW I I THIS MORNING to show that something happened at some point in the past before now. We don t state when it happened Pve collected plenty of information at some point before now and I will use it to write my essay The following time expressions are often used ever never before up to now still so far. It
