To evaluate the bioefficacy of animal urine based formulations . Cow urine collected from Desi, Holstein and Jersey breeds, Buffalo urine, Ox urine, Goat urine and Horse urine @ 20% and animal urine based neem leaf extracts @5% against Spodoptera litura and Spilarchia obliqua, laboratory experiments were conducted for the first time in Department of Entomology, GBPUAT, Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand during 2017. The growth and development studies clearly showed the efficacy of Desi cow urine, Goat Urine, Horse urine and all animal urine based neem leaf extracts against 7days old larvae of S. litura and S. obliqua as all larvae died in treated castor leaves. Among the other treatments, significantly less survival and reduce weights of larvae, pupae and adults were recorded with extended developmental period and very less growth index values in comparison to untreated control. | Bioefficacy of animal urine based formulations against spodoptera litura Fabricius and Spilartia obliqua Walker at Pantnagar Uttarakhand A novel approach
