In this paper, we propose a dynamic multi-level programming where the affected country and international organizations dynamically change their roles, being leader or follower, according to a game. | A dynamic leader-follower model based on lack of central authority in emergency situations International Journal of Data and Network Science 4 2020 73 90 Contents lists available at GrowingScience International Journal of Data and Network Science homepage ijds A dynamic leader-follower model based on lack of central authority in emergency situations Fatemeh Delkhosha a Department of Industrial Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran CHRONICLE ABSTRACT Article history Most of the time the government of the affected country cannot handle the entire relief operations. Received August 1 2019 Under such conditions international organizations act independently but are obliged to obey the Received in revised format Au- law of the country. In this paper we propose a dynamic multi-level programming where the af- gust 1 2019 fected country and international organizations dynamically change their roles being leader or fol- Accepted August 28 2019 Available online August 28 2019 lower according to a game. The application of the proposed model is investigated for a case prob- Keywords lem where real data are utilized to design a network for humanitarian logistics during potential Multi-level programing earthquakes. The advantages of using multi-level modeling against considering just one player s Humanitarian logistics point of view are provided to guide decision-makers under a variety of conditions. The results Multi-objective optimization show for the first three periods the government of the affected area cannot handle the demand for Disaster management the rescue operation. Thus the international suppliers act as the leader for the first three periods. However by decreasing the demand for the rescue operation in the last three periods the govern- ment can manage the evacuation operation properly. 2020 by the authors licensee Growing Science Canada. 1. Introduction Series of events that represent critical threat to the .
