A field experiment was conducted at main research farm of OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in double split design with 27 treatment combinations and three replications. In main plot sunflower residue was removed in one plot, incorporated in another plot and in third plot no sunflower was grown. In subplot three methods of establishment of rice was taken namely dry direct seeded, wet direct seeded and transplanting method of rice establishment. | Microbial activity as influenced by sunflower residue incorporation method of establishment and nutrient management of rice in ricegreengram sunflower cropping system in Odisha India