Chapter 19 - Monetary policy and the federal reserve. When you finish this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the structure and responsibilities of the federal reserve system, analyze how changes in real interest rates affect planned aggregate expenditure and short-run equilibrium output, show how the demand for money and the supply of money interact to determine the equilibrium nominal interest rate, discuss how the fed uses its ability to control the money supply to influence nominal and real interest rates. | Lecture Principles of economics 2e Chapter 19 - Robert H. Frank Ben S. Bernanke