Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly serious threat to global public health. The increase in antibiotic consumption is well evident which accelerates the AMR. The continuous dissemination of ‘multidrug-resistant’ (MDR) bacteria drastically reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and consequently increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. In MDR bacteria the over-expression of efflux pumps that expels antibiotics which contribute to the increased resistance by decreasing the intracellular concentration of antibiotics. | Effects of antibiotic withdrawal on multidrug resistant Escherichia coli
