The present investigations were carried out to estimate the genetic components of variation for yield and its contributing traits in sponge gourd. Genetic components D^ , H^ 1 and H^ 2 were significant for days to first male flower anthesis, node number of first male flower, days to first female flower anthesis, node number of first female flower, fruit length, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, main vine length and total yield except D^ in case of number of primary branches which indicate the importance of both additive and dominant gene effects in regulating these traits. | Nature of gene action for yield and its contributing traits in sponge gourd Luffa cylindrica Roem.