There are 115 million operational holdings in the country and about 80 % are marginal and small farmers. To fulfill the basic needs of house hold including food, feed, fodder, fiber, etc. warrant an attention about bio intensive cropping system (BICS).Global warming and its consequences are amongst the most serious problems of the present century. Agricultural crop residue burning contribute towards the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4), air pollutants (CO, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMHC, volatile organic compounds), particulates matter and smoke thereby posing threat to human health. | Crop residue management and soil health with changing climate in smallholders farming A subtropical Indian perspective