Nhằm giúp các bạn có tài liệu ôn tập những kiến thức cơ bản, kỹ năng giải các bài tập nhanh nhất và chuẩn bị cho kì thi sắp tới được tốt hơn. Hãy tham khảo IELTS Academic Reading 24 để có thêm tài liệu ôn tập. | IELTS Academic Reading 24 READING PASSAGE 24 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 24 below. MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE There is clear-cut evidence that for a period of at least one year supervision which increases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significant increases in production. However such short-term increases are obtained only at a substantial and serious cost to the organisation. To what extent can a manager make an impressive earnings record over a short period of one to three years by exploiting the company s investment in the human organisation in his plant or division To what extent will the quality of his organisation suffer if he does so The following is a description of an important study conducted by the Institute for Social Research designed to answer these questions. The study covered 500 clerical employees in four parallel divisions. Each division was organised in exactly the same way used the same technology did exactly the same kind of work and had employees of comparable aptitudes. Productivity in all four of the divisions depended on the number of clerks involved. The work entailed the processing of accounts and generating of invoices. Although the volume of work was considerable the nature of the business was such that it could only be processed as it came along. Consequently the only way in which productivity could be increased was to change the size of the workgroup. The four divisions were assigned to two experimental programmes on a random basis. Each programme was assigned at random a division that had been historically high in productivity and a division that had been below average in productivity. No attempt was made to place a division in the programme that would best fit its habitual methods of supervision used by the manager assistant managers supervisors and assistant supervisors. The experiment at the clerical level lasted for one year. Beforehand .
