Nhằm giúp các bạn có thêm tài liệu tham khảo và ôn thi tiếng Anh, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung tài liệu IELTS Academic Reading Sample 163 - Obtaining Linguistic Data dưới đây. Hy vọng nội dung tài liệu phục vụ hữu ích nhu cầu học tập và ôn thi. | You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 163 below. Obtaining Linguistic Data A. Many procedures are available for obtaining data about a language. They range from a carefully planned intensive field investigation in a foreign country to a casual introspection about one s mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home. B. In all cases someone has to act as a source of language data an informant. Informants are ideally native speakers of a language who provide utterances for analysis and other kinds of information about the language . translations comments about correctness or judgments on usage . Often when studying their mother tongue linguists act as their own informants judging the ambiguity acceptability or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. The convenience of this approach makes it widely used and it is considered the norm in the generative approach to linguistics. But a linguist s personal judgments are often uncertain or disagree with the judgments of other linguists at which point recourse is needed to more objective methods of enquiry using non- linguists as informants. The latter procedure is unavoidable when working on foreign languages or child speech. C. Many factors must be considered when selecting informants whether one is working with single speakers a common situation when language has not been described before 5 two people interacting small groups or large-scale samples. Age sex social background and other aspects of identity are important as these factors are known to influence the kind of language used. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting . ZIM ACADEMY Room 2501 Ocean Group Building 19 Nguyen Trai Thanh Xuan Dist Hanoi the level of formality are also highly relevant as are the personal qualities of the informants . their fluency and consistency . For large studies scrupulous attention has been paid to the sampling theory .
