In this study, the effect of external debt (EXD – current US$) on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 – metric tons per capita) is examined by taking the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis as a basis for China. The relationships between CO2 , gross domestic product per capita (GDP – constant 2010 US$), square of GDP (GD), energy consumption (EM – kg of oil equivalent per capita) and EXD is examined. |