This study investigates the impact of energy consumption on environmental pollution in Australia using time series data from 1971 to 2015. Gross domestic product (GDP), total population (TP), and financial development (FD) are included as control variables. In achieving the objective, this study employ unit root test, cointegration test, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) long-run and short-run methodology to examine the nexus between energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total population (TP), and financial development (FD). |
