This review describes how UFL will expand the scope of applications and significantly improve the ontological value of natural leather. Significantly, UFL is expected to boost the sustainable development of conventional leather industry and the next-generation of advanced functional bio-based materials. | Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices 6 2021 153e166 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices journal homepage locate jsamd Review Article Advanced collagen nanofibers-based functional bio-composites for high-value utilization of leather A review Youyou Wang a b 1 Manhui Zheng a b 1 Xinhua Liu a b c Ouyang Yue a b Xuechuan Wang c Huie Jiang a b a College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science amp Technology Wei Yang District Xi an 710021 Shaanxi China b National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science amp Technology Weiyang District Xi an 710021 Shaanxi China c Institute of Biomass amp Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science amp Technology Weiyang District Xi an 710021 Shaanxi China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history Natural leather with outstanding biomimetic properties is the main application of animal skin. However Received 10 October 2020 the traditional tannery industry is facing serious issues of sustainability such as low value addition and Received in revised form high environmental pollution. Upscaled functional leather UFL inherits all the natural properties of 21 January 2021 leather and combines it with other cross-domain functions due to which it has gained considerable Accepted 3 February 2021 Available online 13 February 2021 attention as advanced functional bio-based materials. This review briefly introduces the multi- hierarchical structure and preponderant properties of leather as a natural biomass. Further emphasis is on UFL which includes electromagnetic EM wave absorbing leather infrared absorbing leather X-ray Keywords Functional leather shielding leather flexible conductive leather flame-retardant leather antibacterial leather self-cleaning Biomass leather as well as water- oil- and soil-repellent leather. Furthermore the .
