Little is known about the peopling of the Sahara during the Holocene climatic optimum, when the desert was replaced by a fertile environment. Results: In order to investigate the role of the last Green Sahara in the peopling of Africa, we deep-sequence the whole non-repetitive portion of the Y chromosome in 104 males selected as representative of haplogroups which are currently found to the north and to the south of the Sahara. |