In addition, teachers have become aware that for some students, the TOEFL represents their first experience in taking a com¬puter-assisted test. The concepts of working within time limits, marking on a screen, and guess¬ing to improve a score are often new and confus¬ing to students, and they forfeit valuable points because they must concentrate on unfamiliar pro¬cedures instead of on language questions. | TYPES OF PROBLEMS 107 TYPES OF PROBLEMS Patterns and rules of style like those in this Review of Structure frequently appear on Section 2 of the TOEFL. The emphasis that is placed on various patterns and style problems changes from year to year on the TOEFL. Research indicates that those problems shown in bold print in the reference list below are most frequently tested on current examinations. To prepare for Section 2 of the TOEFL study the problems in this chapter. Give special attention to the problems in bold print. Patterns Problems with Verbs Problems with Passives Problems with Main Verbs 12 Passives Word Order 13 Belief and Knowledge Anticipatory It Missing Main Verb 2 3 Verbs that Require an Infinitive in the Complement Verbs that Require an -ing Form in the Complement Verb Phrases that Require an -ing Form in the Complement Problems with HAVE Participle 14 Predictions Will Have Participle Problems with Auxiliary Verbs 15 Missing Auxiliary Verb Active Problems with Tense 16 Missing Auxiliary Verb Passive 5 Irregular Past Forms Problems with Pronouns Problems with Conditionals Q Object Pronouns after Prepositions 18 6 Factual Conditionals Absolute Scientific Results Factual Conditionals Probable Results for the Future Contrary-to-Fact Conditionals Change in Conditions Unless Relative Pronouns that Refer to Persons and Things Problems with Nouns 19 20 Count Nouns Noncount Nouns Problems with Subjunctives 21 Nouns with Count and Noncount Meanings 10 Importance Subjunctive Verbs Importance Impersonal Expressions 22 23 Problems with Infinitives Noncount Nouns that Are Count Nouns in Other Languages Singular and Plural Expressions of Noncount Nouns Infinitive and -ing Subjects Purpose Infinitives 25 Nominal That Clause 108 REVIEW OF STRUCTURE Problems with Adjectives Problems with Prepositions Problems with Determiners Noncount Nouns with Qualifying Phrases The No Meaning Not Any Almost All of the and Most of the Problems with Other Adjectives 42 43 Addition .
