Tài chính cũng là một mối quan tâm cho các tổ chức khác tham gia vào một dự án như tổng thầu và nhà cung cấp vật liệu. | 7. Financing of Constructed Facilities The Financing Problem Investment in a constructed facility represents a cost in the short term that returns benefits only over the long term use of the facility. Thus costs occur earlier than the benefits and owners of facilities must obtain the capital resources to finance the costs of construction. A project cannot proceed without adequate financing and the cost of providing adequate financing can be quite large. For these reasons attention to project finance is an important aspect of project management. Finance is also a concern to the other organizations involved in a project such as the general contractor and material suppliers. Unless an owner immediately and completely covers the costs incurred by each participant these organizations face financing problems of their own. At a more general level project finance is only one aspect of the general problem of corporate finance. If numerous projects are considered and financed together then the net cash flow requirements constitutes the corporate financing problem for capital investment. Whether project finance is performed at the project or at the corporate level does not alter the basic financing problem. In essence the project finance problem is to obtain funds to bridge the time between making expenditures and obtaining revenues. Based on the conceptual plan the cost estimate and the construction plan the cash flow of costs and receipts for a project can be estimated. Normally this cash flow will involve expenditures in early periods. Covering this negative cash balance in the most beneficial or cost effective fashion is the project finance problem. During planning and design expenditures of the owner are modest whereas substantial costs are incurred during construction. Only after the facility is complete do revenues begin. In contrast a contractor would receive periodic payments from the owner as construction proceeds. However a contractor also may have a negative .
