The age-stage, two-sex life table method was used for data analysis. The results indicated that EPF treatments affected the population growth rate of the aphids by causing prolongation of the development time, decrease in survival rate, shortening of adult longevity, and decrease in reproduction. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) reflecting combined effects of all life history parameters were the highest in the control group and the lowest in M. |
