Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 10', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 78 CHAPTER 4 1. The tense determines the form of verb in the next slot . present tense - walk walks- past tense - walked including aspect auxiliaries . present progressive - is walking past progressive - was walking or present past perfect - has had eaten . 2. The aspect including zero marked aspect as in simple tenses determines the form of verb in the slot that follows usually the main verb . progressive the base verb -ing and perfect the past participle 3. The combination of the tense and both progressive and perfect aspects results in a series of verb elements the tense the optional perfect auxiliary have or had be en past participle and the main verb -ing. The Verb Phrase Slots Tense Aspect Modal Optional HAVE Optional BE Optional Main Verb Present Simple cook s speak s Past Simple cooked spoke Present Past Progressive be present past a m wwas u err Verb -ing . cook i ig s wik tng Present Perfect have has Verb participle ooked pokni Past Perfect had cooked spoken Present Perfect Progressive have luu pe- past participle n s Skmg Modal Future will cook speak Modal Future Progressive may be cooking speaking Modal Future Perfect will may have cooked spoken As mentioned the verb phrase has only two essential elements the tense aspect and the main verb. In light of the enormous complexity of the English verb system it is hardly surprising that many advanced L2 learners often have trouble using verb tenses and aspects appropriately in their academic writing. Techniques for teaching L2 academic writers to get around the complexities of the verb phrase are further discussed in chapter 7. SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT Based on the system of required and optional sentence slots in the teaching of subject and verb agreement two easy techniques can be used. However TLFeBOOK SENTENCES PHRASES AND TEXT CONSTRUCTION 79 both require a successful identification of the main head subject noun or noun phrase. For L2 writers one of the thorniest issues with .
