Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 21', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 188 CHAPTER 8 Syntactically advanced construction with dual reporting verbs and infinitives Smith The author s describe xxx to show that explain xxx to demonstrate present xxx to emphasize xxx can include such nouns as data information examples illustrations facts statistics study results observations Adverbial constructions and hedges see also chap. 12 on hedges According to Smith 2002 . b The second or subsequent mention of the author s name source The author s propose that report comment point out remark suggest c The second or subsequent mention in a paraphrase from the same source The researcher s this scholar goes on to say that further writes additionally states 2. Reporting information in sentences with inanimate subjects a First or second subsequent mentions of study results Smith s 2002 study shows that proposes emphasizes maintains Smith s 2002 findings point out The analysis of xxx suggests The investigation of xxx argues denies TLFeBOOK LEXICAL CLASSES OF VERBS 189 b Advanced structures with object complements Smith. 2002 presents the opinion that holds the position advocates the view c Advanced constructions with various types of noun clauses and object complements Their results help explain that how why The study results explain the reasons that the view the position challenge the argument that the claim The new findings offer the explanations that When teaching the uses of reporting verbs in references to sources and literature citations it may be helpful to present these constructions in columns for students to see clearly how the syntactic regularities in these constructions can work to the learners advantage. That is by simply replacing the subject noun or the verb with various proximate alternatives L2 writers can actually come up with a great number of diverse and contextually appropriate expressions. In real terms however few students may need a supply larger than five or six citational expressions and practicing reporting verbs in the context
