Tài liệu tham khảo tiếng Anh về hội họa - Drawing Dynamic Hands - Vẽ bàn tay - Phần 6 | 6. FORESHORTENING It is impossible to draw the human hand accurately and artistically without an understanding of foreshortening the overlapping of forms seen in spatial recession. Because there is scarcely any hand position which does not involve some form seen in deep space in order to achieve a three-dimensional rather than a flat effect it is important to see and understand advancing and receding forms. A difficulty often encountered is the problem of retaining the hand s rhythms its flow and its sense of unity when drawing it from angles of deep foreshortening. Because forms are seen one in front of on top of or behind another or not clearly seen at all there is a tendency for them to look bumpy segmented and abrupt. Principles such as overlapping interlacing spiraling and tonal contrast to achieve depth are given here as aids to learning to draw the hand as a dynamic alive volume moving in space. 82 ROD AND BALL FORMS OF THE FINGERS Using he simple ball knuckle and rod shank forms we have studied earlier note that the three rods shanks of the index finger appear quite long in this three-quarter view. We see the other fingers more straight on as we move progressively to the left. The rods or bone shanks are seen as shortest especially the rear shank on the fourth finger. This is due to a foreshortening or compression of frontal space. One of the ways to test the accuracy of the drawings of foreshortened fingers is to check the fingernail lengths seen in depth against the curves in the different views from side to front as shown in the middle diagrams. Beginning with the side view at right the nail appears more sidewise than frontal. It seems long from front to back note arrows and the curve is quite elliptical. In the schematic block in front of the nail the circle is seen as an ellipse because of the tangential view and the lop of the ellipse has the same kind of curve as the nail arch. The nail of the long middle finger is more circular because its tip is .
