Các nút Back sẽ đưa bạn đến các câu hỏi trước đó. Các nút Review sẽ đưa bạn đến một danh sách tất cả các câu hỏi đọc sách trong bài thi. Từ danh sách này, bạn có thể trở lại bất kỳ câu hỏi trước để xem xét hoặc thay đổi câu trả lời của bạn. | Test The Atlantic Cod Fishery Off the northeastern shore of North America from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to New England in the United States there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called the Grand Banks huge shoals on the edge of the North American continental shelf where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of the Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other they stir up minerals from the ocean floor providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish such as the Atlantic cod live in the ocean s bottom layer congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth. Beginning in the eleventh century boats from the ports of northwestern Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries the entire Newfoundland economy was based on Europeans arriving catching fish for a few months in the summer and then taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden flakes was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod and in the local speech the word fislj became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod. By the nineteenth century the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return the merchants provided fishing equipment clothing and all the food that could not be grown in the island s thin rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt .
