Học sinh có thể đọc các cuộc đàm thoại lớn tiếng hoặc thực hiện chúng như trào phúng. Họ có thể sử dụng các cuộc đàm thoại và bài giảng để học từ vựng và thành ngữ trong ngữ cảnh. Các Scripts Audio có thể dễ dàng được gỡ bỏ từ cuốn sách. | Test 4 Clothing and Costume The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons modesty taboo magical influence or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies so they required bags or slings. Another function of early clothing providing comfort and protection probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors most men still carry things on their person as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today. There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes clothing and attire that is more aptly termed costume. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate health and textile while costume reflects social factors such as personal status religious beliefs aesthetics and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate
