Mangrove forests, typically found along tropical and subtropical coastlines, have a crucial role in preventing coastal erosion, mitigating the effects of wave actions, and safeguarding coastal habitats. This study utilized PlanetScope mangrove forests and a Combined Mangrove Recognition Index (CMRI), which was suitable for detecting mangrove cover along the coast of Tien Yen district with an overall accuracy of over and a Kappa coefficient greater than for the selected years. |