This study examines the impact of ownership structures, foreign ownership, and concentrated ownership, on risk in Vietnamese commercial banks. We employ panel data analysis, considering financial metrics (ROA, ROE, ADZ), control variables (SIZE, LOA, LIQ, EFF), and macroeconomic conditions (δt). Results indicate that foreign ownership reduces risk, seen in lower standard deviations of ROA and ROE. In contrast, concentrated ownership increases risk, particularly in ROA. |